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        • Germany >
          • Baden-Württemberg >
            • DE-BW Pre-1900
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          • Berlin >
            • DE-BE Pre-1900
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          • Brandenburg >
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            • DE-HB 2010-2011
          • Hamburg >
            • DE-HH Pre-1900
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            • DE-SL 1907
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          • LU Pre-1900
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          • MD 1910-1914
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        • Northern Ireland >
          • GB-NIR 1906-1897
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          • PL Pre-1900
          • PL 1900-1909 >
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            • PL 1909
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        • Portugal >
          • PT 1906-1909
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          • IE Pre-1900
          • IE 1907-1908
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          • RO Pre-1900
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        • Russia >
          • RU Pre-1900
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            • RU 1909
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            • RU 1910-1912
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        • Scotland >
          • GB-SCT Pre-1900
          • GB-SCT 1903-1909
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        • Serbia >
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          • SL 1904
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        • Ukraine >
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            • CA-NL 1910-1914
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            • CA-NS 1917
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            • CA-ON Pre-1900
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            • CA-PE 1936
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          • Saskatchewan >
            • CA-SK 1909
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          • Alaska >
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          • California >
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              • US-CA 1920-1924
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          • Colorado >
            • US-CO Pre-1900
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          • Florida >
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          • Georgia >
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          • Hawaii >
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              • US-HI 1940
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            • US-HI 1979
          • Idaho >
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          • Illinois >
            • US-IL Pre-1890
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              • US-IL 1900-1904
              • US-IL 1905-1907
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              • US-IL 1910
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          • Indiana >
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          • Iowa >
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            • US-IA 1981
          • Kansas >
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          • Kentucky >
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          • Louisiana >
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            • US-LA 1950-1952
          • Maine >
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          • Maryland >
            • US-MD Pre-1900
            • US-MD 1903-1909
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            • US-MD 1930-1939 >
              • US-MD 1930
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              • US-MD 1933-1939
            • US-MD 1944-1946
            • US-MD 1950-1951
            • US-MD 1962
          • Massachusetts >
            • US-MA Pre-1880
            • US-MA 1880-1889
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            • US-MA 1901-1909
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            • US-MA 1930-1939
            • US-MA 1940-1945
            • US-MA 1975
          • Michigan >
            • US-MI Pre-1890
            • US-MI 1890-1899 >
              • US-MI 1890-1891
              • US-MI 1898
              • US-MI 1899
            • US-MI 1900-1909
            • US-MI 1910-1913
            • US-MI 1929
            • US-MI 1931-1937
            • US-MI 1940
            • US-MI 1950-1959 >
              • US-MI 1954
              • US-MI 1958
          • Minnesota >
            • US-MN 1881-1889
            • US-MN 1890-1899 >
              • US-MN 1890-1894
              • US-MN 1898
            • US-MN 1900-1909 >
              • US-MN 1900-1908
              • US-MN 1909
            • US-MN 1910-1919 >
              • US-MN 1910-1911
              • US-MN 1912
              • US-MN 1913
              • US-MN 1914
              • US-MN 1917
            • US-MN 1921-1928
            • US-MN 1933-1939
            • US-MN 1940-1941
            • US-MN 1979
            • US-MN 1980-1989 >
              • US-MN 1981
              • US-MN 1982
          • Mississippi >
            • US-MS Pre-1900
            • US-MS 1928
          • Missouri >
            • US-MO Pre-1900
            • US-MO 1900-1909
            • US-MO 1910-1919
            • US-MO 1922-1929
            • US-MO 1930-1938
            • US-MO 1940-1947
            • US-MO 1975
          • Montana >
            • US-MT Pre-1900
            • US-MT 1904-1908
            • US-MT 1912-1916
            • US-MT 1920-1928
            • US-MT 1931-1932
            • US-MT 1946
            • US-MT 1954
          • Nebraska >
            • US-NE Pre-1900
            • US-NE 1900-1909
            • US-NE 1910-1919
            • US-NE 1920-1922
            • US-NE 1932-1937
            • US-NE 1954
            • US-NE 1979
            • US-NE 1981
          • Nevada >
            • US-NV 1918
            • US-NV Pre-1900
            • US-NV 1903
            • US-NV 1922-1924
            • US-NV 1931-1936
          • New Hampshire >
            • US-NH 1913-1914
            • US-NH 1930-1933
          • Tennessee >
            • US-TN Pre-1900
            • US-TN 1900-1909
            • US-TN 1910-1919
            • US-TN 1920-1929
            • US-TN 1930-1939 >
              • US-TN 1930
              • US-TN 1931
              • US-TN 1932
              • US-TN 1933
            • US-TN 1970-1979
      • Oceania >
        • Australia >
          • New South Wales >
            • AU-NSW Pre-1900
            • AU-NSW 1920-1929
          • Queensland >
            • AU-QLD 1930-1939
            • AU-QLD 1920-1929
          • South Australia >
            • AU-SA Pre-1900
            • AU-SA 1920-1929
          • Victoria >
            • AU-VIC Pre-1900
            • AU-VIC 1920-1929
          • Western Australia >
            • AU-WA 1900-1909
            • AU-WA 1910-1919
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        • New Zealand >
          • NZ Pre-1900
          • NZ 1920-1929
      • South America >
        • Argentina >
          • AR 1903-1909
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          • AR 1940-1947
        • Brazil >
          • BR Pre-1900
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          • BR 1910-1915
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            • BR 1930-1933
            • BR 1934
            • BR 1935-1938
          • BR 1940-1949
        • Chile >
          • CL Pre-1900
          • CL 1928-1929
        • Uruguay >
          • UY 1924
          • UY 1930
    • By Wrestler >
      • A >
        • Ad Santel
        • Americus
        • Andre Christol
        • Andre the Giant
        • Antonio Pierri
      • B >
        • Bert Rubi
        • Billy Romanoff
        • Bobby Bruns
        • Bronko Nagurski
      • C >
        • Carl Abs
        • Charles Moth
        • Clarence >
          • Bouldin
          • Whistler
        • Col. J.H. McLaughlin
        • Constantine Romanoff
      • D >
        • Dan McLeod
        • Danno O'Mahoney
        • Dave Finley
        • Donald Dinnie
        • Dr. Ben F. Roller
        • Dubois
        • Duncan >
          • A. McMillan
          • C. Ross
      • E >
        • Earl Caddock
        • Ed >
          • Don George
          • Lewis
          • Virag
        • Edwin Bibby
        • Emil Nitschke
        • Ernest Roeber
        • Evan Lewis
      • F >
        • Farmer Burns
        • Francois le Farinier
        • Frank Gotch
        • Fred Beell
      • G >
        • George >
          • Bothner
          • Kotsonaros
          • Steadman
          • William Flagg
        • Georges Hackenschmidt
      • H >
        • Harry Hill
        • Henry M. Dufur
        • Homer Lane
        • Hugh Leonard
      • I >
        • Iwan Chemjakin
      • J >
        • Jack Carkeek
        • Jakob Koch
        • James >
          • Faulkner
          • Owens
        • Jean >
          • Doublier
          • Dupuis
        • Jim >
          • Esson
          • Londos
          • Joe >
            • Acton
            • Stecher
          • McMillen
        • John McMahon
        • Josef Steinbach
  • Articles
    • PWHS Writers >
      • Harry G. >
        • Extinct Wrestling Concepts >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
        • 200 Articles?
        • As We Get Close to the End
        • Carpenters
        • Charles Manson?
        • Fantasy and Reality
        • First Times
        • How on Earth could You Trust Him
        • "I Hate Him!"
        • "If You Break Kayfabe"
        • Jack Brisco, Backlund, Angle...Soucie?
        • Loss of Innocence
        • Missing Things That I Have Never Seen
        • Monsters
        • "Not bad, Kid"
        • "Okay...Okay...Now this HAS to Be Real"
        • Once the Balloon is Popped
        • Suspension of Disbelief Vs. Current Reality
        • The Smarter You Are The Dumber You Are
        • They Aren't REAL Wrestlers!
        • Time to Get My Wrestling Fix
        • Titles of Convenience
        • Turn Off the Lights
        • "Was it really that good?" Yes.
        • Where Are Wrestling's Oddities
        • Who is the Toughest Wrestler
      • Jimmy W. >
        • Fakirs At Work >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
          • Chapter Seven
        • Forgotten Titles >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
          • Chapter Seven
          • Chapter Eight
        • History of Wrestling >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
        • Hooded History >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
        • Let's Go to the Movies >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
        • Not A Wrestler >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
        • A Solid Man
        • Christmas Cards
        • Confidence Vs. Paranoia
        • Feel the Bang
        • For 58 Years They Dreamed
        • From Muldoon to McMahon
        • God Is in the Detail
        • Good Versus Evil
        • Grappling Glitter
        • Hacksaw in the Works
        • Harry Hill and the Champions of Water
        • Nevermind the Piledriver
        • Official WWF Fan Club
        • One and Only WORLD Champion
        • Pioneers Schmioneers
        • Sixty Minutes Is Not Enough
        • Slams and Salaams
        • WWF European Exclusives
        • Whisky, Whips, Loose Women and Lamb
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            • US-CA 1892-1898
            • US-CA 1900-1909
            • US-CA 1911-1919
            • US-CA 1920-1929 >
              • US-CA 1920-1924
              • US-CA 1925-1929
            • US-CA 1930-1938
            • US-CA 1944-1946
            • US-CA 1950-1952
            • US-CA 1963
            • US-CA 1981
          • Colorado >
            • US-CO Pre-1900
            • US-CO 1907-1909
            • US-CO 1910-1911
            • US-CO 1920-1925
            • US-CO 1932
            • US-CO 1940
            • US-CO 1982-1987
          • Connecticut >
            • US-CT Pre-1900
            • US-CT 1900-1908
            • US-CT 1910-1911
            • US-CT 1921
            • US-CT 1931-1938
            • US-CT 1962
          • Delaware >
            • US-DE Pre-1900
            • US-DE 1913
            • US-DE 1931-1939
            • US-DE 1951
          • Florida >
            • US-FL Pre-1900
            • US-FL 1900-1909 >
              • US-FL 1903-1905
              • US-FL 1906
            • US-FL 1911-1916
            • US-FL 1948
            • US-FL 1958
            • US-FL 1969
            • US-FL 1975
          • Georgia >
            • US-GA Pre-1900
            • US-GA 1905-1906
            • US-GA 1926-1927
            • US-GA 1930-1934
            • US-GA 1940
          • Hawaii >
            • US-HI 1907-1909
            • US-HI 1910-1919 >
              • US-HI 1910-1912
              • US-HI 1913-1915
              • US-HI 1916-1917
              • US-HI 1918-1919
            • US-Hi 1920-1929 >
              • US-HI 1920-1921
              • US-HI 1922-1923
              • US-HI 1924-1929
            • US-HI 1930-1939 >
              • US-HI 1930-1932
              • US-HI 1933
              • US-HI 1934
              • US-HI 1935
              • US-HI 1936
              • US-HI 1937
              • US-HI 1938
              • US-HI 1939
            • US-HI 1940-1949 >
              • US-HI 1940
              • US-HI 1941-1942
              • US-HI 1943
              • US-HI 1944
              • US-HI 1945
              • US-HI 1946
              • US-HI 1947
              • US-HI 1948
              • US-HI 1949
            • US-HI 1979
          • Idaho >
            • US-ID Pre-1900
            • US-ID 1905-1906
            • US-ID 1916-1919
            • US-ID 1920
          • Illinois >
            • US-IL Pre-1890
            • US-IL 1893-1899
            • US-IL 1900-1909 >
              • US-IL 1900-1904
              • US-IL 1905-1907
              • US-IL 1908
              • US-IL 1909
            • US-IL 1910-1919 >
              • US-IL 1910
              • US-IL 1911-1919
            • US-IL 1920-1929
            • US-IL 1931-1939
            • US-IL 1940
            • US-IL 1950-1954
            • US-IL 1962
            • US-IL 1979
            • US-IL 1980-1989 >
              • US-IL 1981
              • US-IL 1982
          • Indiana >
            • US-IN Pre-1890
            • US-IN 1890-1899 >
              • US-IN 1897
              • US-IN 1898
            • US-IN 1900-1909
            • US-IN 1910-1919
            • US-IN 1920-1928
            • US-IN 1933-1939
            • US-IN 1940-1949 >
              • US-IN 1940
              • US-IN 1941
              • US-IN 1942
              • US-IN 1948
            • US-IN 1950-1954
            • US-IN 1979
          • Iowa >
            • US-IA Pre-1900
            • US-IA 1900-1909 >
              • US-IA 1900
              • US-IA 1901-1909
            • US-IA 1910-1919
            • US-IA 1920-1929
            • US-IA 1933-1935
            • US-IA 1941-1949
            • US-IA 1954
            • US-IA 1979
            • US-IA 1981
          • Kansas >
            • US-KS Pre-1900
            • US-KS 1909
            • US-KS 1910-1915
            • US-KS 1921-1925
            • US-KS 1931-1933
            • US-KS 1940-1948
            • US-KS 1954
          • Kentucky >
            • US-KY Pre-1900
            • US-KY 1901
            • US-KY 1913
            • US-KY 1931-1932
            • US-KY 1979
          • Louisiana >
            • US-LA Pre-1900
            • US-LA 1901-1909
            • US-LA 1932-1938
            • US-LA 1943-1949
            • US-LA 1950-1952
          • Maine >
            • US-ME 1905
            • US-ME 1911
            • US-ME 1932-1937
            • US-ME 1940-1941
          • Maryland >
            • US-MD Pre-1900
            • US-MD 1903-1909
            • US-MD 1910-1916
            • US-MD 1930-1939 >
              • US-MD 1930
              • US-MD 1931
              • US-MD 1932
              • US-MD 1933-1939
            • US-MD 1944-1946
            • US-MD 1950-1951
            • US-MD 1962
          • Massachusetts >
            • US-MA Pre-1880
            • US-MA 1880-1889
            • US-MA 1896-1899
            • US-MA 1901-1909
            • US-MA 1910-1919
            • US-MA 1920-1929
            • US-MA 1930-1939
            • US-MA 1940-1945
            • US-MA 1975
          • Michigan >
            • US-MI Pre-1890
            • US-MI 1890-1899 >
              • US-MI 1890-1891
              • US-MI 1898
              • US-MI 1899
            • US-MI 1900-1909
            • US-MI 1910-1913
            • US-MI 1929
            • US-MI 1931-1937
            • US-MI 1940
            • US-MI 1950-1959 >
              • US-MI 1954
              • US-MI 1958
          • Minnesota >
            • US-MN 1881-1889
            • US-MN 1890-1899 >
              • US-MN 1890-1894
              • US-MN 1898
            • US-MN 1900-1909 >
              • US-MN 1900-1908
              • US-MN 1909
            • US-MN 1910-1919 >
              • US-MN 1910-1911
              • US-MN 1912
              • US-MN 1913
              • US-MN 1914
              • US-MN 1917
            • US-MN 1921-1928
            • US-MN 1933-1939
            • US-MN 1940-1941
            • US-MN 1979
            • US-MN 1980-1989 >
              • US-MN 1981
              • US-MN 1982
          • Mississippi >
            • US-MS Pre-1900
            • US-MS 1928
          • Missouri >
            • US-MO Pre-1900
            • US-MO 1900-1909
            • US-MO 1910-1919
            • US-MO 1922-1929
            • US-MO 1930-1938
            • US-MO 1940-1947
            • US-MO 1975
          • Montana >
            • US-MT Pre-1900
            • US-MT 1904-1908
            • US-MT 1912-1916
            • US-MT 1920-1928
            • US-MT 1931-1932
            • US-MT 1946
            • US-MT 1954
          • Nebraska >
            • US-NE Pre-1900
            • US-NE 1900-1909
            • US-NE 1910-1919
            • US-NE 1920-1922
            • US-NE 1932-1937
            • US-NE 1954
            • US-NE 1979
            • US-NE 1981
          • Nevada >
            • US-NV 1918
            • US-NV Pre-1900
            • US-NV 1903
            • US-NV 1922-1924
            • US-NV 1931-1936
          • New Hampshire >
            • US-NH 1913-1914
            • US-NH 1930-1933
          • Tennessee >
            • US-TN Pre-1900
            • US-TN 1900-1909
            • US-TN 1910-1919
            • US-TN 1920-1929
            • US-TN 1930-1939 >
              • US-TN 1930
              • US-TN 1931
              • US-TN 1932
              • US-TN 1933
            • US-TN 1970-1979
      • Oceania >
        • Australia >
          • New South Wales >
            • AU-NSW Pre-1900
            • AU-NSW 1920-1929
          • Queensland >
            • AU-QLD 1930-1939
            • AU-QLD 1920-1929
          • South Australia >
            • AU-SA Pre-1900
            • AU-SA 1920-1929
          • Victoria >
            • AU-VIC Pre-1900
            • AU-VIC 1920-1929
          • Western Australia >
            • AU-WA 1900-1909
            • AU-WA 1910-1919
            • AU-WA 1920-1929
        • New Zealand >
          • NZ Pre-1900
          • NZ 1920-1929
      • South America >
        • Argentina >
          • AR 1903-1909
          • AR 1910-1919
          • AR 1920-1929
          • AR 1930-1938
          • AR 1940-1947
        • Brazil >
          • BR Pre-1900
          • BR 1904-1909
          • BR 1910-1915
          • BR 1921-1929
          • BR 1930-1939 >
            • BR 1930-1933
            • BR 1934
            • BR 1935-1938
          • BR 1940-1949
        • Chile >
          • CL Pre-1900
          • CL 1928-1929
        • Uruguay >
          • UY 1924
          • UY 1930
    • By Wrestler >
      • A >
        • Ad Santel
        • Americus
        • Andre Christol
        • Andre the Giant
        • Antonio Pierri
      • B >
        • Bert Rubi
        • Billy Romanoff
        • Bobby Bruns
        • Bronko Nagurski
      • C >
        • Carl Abs
        • Charles Moth
        • Clarence >
          • Bouldin
          • Whistler
        • Col. J.H. McLaughlin
        • Constantine Romanoff
      • D >
        • Dan McLeod
        • Danno O'Mahoney
        • Dave Finley
        • Donald Dinnie
        • Dr. Ben F. Roller
        • Dubois
        • Duncan >
          • A. McMillan
          • C. Ross
      • E >
        • Earl Caddock
        • Ed >
          • Don George
          • Lewis
          • Virag
        • Edwin Bibby
        • Emil Nitschke
        • Ernest Roeber
        • Evan Lewis
      • F >
        • Farmer Burns
        • Francois le Farinier
        • Frank Gotch
        • Fred Beell
      • G >
        • George >
          • Bothner
          • Kotsonaros
          • Steadman
          • William Flagg
        • Georges Hackenschmidt
      • H >
        • Harry Hill
        • Henry M. Dufur
        • Homer Lane
        • Hugh Leonard
      • I >
        • Iwan Chemjakin
      • J >
        • Jack Carkeek
        • Jakob Koch
        • James >
          • Faulkner
          • Owens
        • Jean >
          • Doublier
          • Dupuis
        • Jim >
          • Esson
          • Londos
          • Joe >
            • Acton
            • Stecher
          • McMillen
        • John McMahon
        • Josef Steinbach
  • Articles
    • PWHS Writers >
      • Harry G. >
        • Extinct Wrestling Concepts >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
        • 200 Articles?
        • As We Get Close to the End
        • Carpenters
        • Charles Manson?
        • Fantasy and Reality
        • First Times
        • How on Earth could You Trust Him
        • "I Hate Him!"
        • "If You Break Kayfabe"
        • Jack Brisco, Backlund, Angle...Soucie?
        • Loss of Innocence
        • Missing Things That I Have Never Seen
        • Monsters
        • "Not bad, Kid"
        • "Okay...Okay...Now this HAS to Be Real"
        • Once the Balloon is Popped
        • Suspension of Disbelief Vs. Current Reality
        • The Smarter You Are The Dumber You Are
        • They Aren't REAL Wrestlers!
        • Time to Get My Wrestling Fix
        • Titles of Convenience
        • Turn Off the Lights
        • "Was it really that good?" Yes.
        • Where Are Wrestling's Oddities
        • Who is the Toughest Wrestler
      • Jimmy W. >
        • Fakirs At Work >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
          • Chapter Seven
        • Forgotten Titles >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
          • Chapter Seven
          • Chapter Eight
        • History of Wrestling >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
        • Hooded History >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
        • Let's Go to the Movies >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
        • Not A Wrestler >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
        • A Solid Man
        • Christmas Cards
        • Confidence Vs. Paranoia
        • Feel the Bang
        • For 58 Years They Dreamed
        • From Muldoon to McMahon
        • God Is in the Detail
        • Good Versus Evil
        • Grappling Glitter
        • Hacksaw in the Works
        • Harry Hill and the Champions of Water
        • Nevermind the Piledriver
        • Official WWF Fan Club
        • One and Only WORLD Champion
        • Pioneers Schmioneers
        • Sixty Minutes Is Not Enough
        • Slams and Salaams
        • WWF European Exclusives
        • Whisky, Whips, Loose Women and Lamb
        • Who Was Homer Lane?
        • "Wrestling Today Is Not Art"
      • John V. >
        • Chair Shot Heard Round the World
        • From Immigrant to Champion
        • Hart of Stampede
        • Hollywood Movie in Making
        • Match that Changed Two Worlds
        • Mrs. Krieger
        • Original Bad Boys of Wrestling
        • Tragedy in the Hart-Land
      • Julie H. >
        • Early History
        • William Muldoon
        • Frank Gotch
        • Early 20th Century
        • Ed "Strangler" Lewis
        • A New Era
        • Joe Stecher
        • Lou Thesz
        • Television Era
      • Matt P. - #SOS >
        • Original Horsemen
        • Getting Into the Business
        • Life in Pro-Wrestling
        • Ravishing Recollections
        • WrestleMania >
          • IV
          • XIV
        • Billy Buries Bob
        • Blade Runners
        • Botch that Broke Bruno
        • "Eye Popping" Encounter
        • "Have A Banana!"
        • Hulkster Vs. Rattlesnake
        • Strike Force
      • Shea H. >
        • #FantasyFriday >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
          • Chapter Seven
          • Chapter Eight
          • Chapter Nine
          • Chapter Ten
          • Chapter Eleven
          • Chapter Twelve - What If
          • Chapter Thirteen: Fantasy Warfare
        • Fantasy Feud >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • What Could Have Been >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
        • Alternate Worlds of Wrestling
        • American Nightmare
        • Black WrestleMania
        • Fact Vs. Fantasy
        • Free From the Barnyard
        • HART ATTACK
        • Untold Tales of the Undertaker
        • Why James Dudley Deserved to be Inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame
      • Terry K. >
        • Dr. in the House >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
        • Greensboro Coliseum History >
          • 1971
          • 1972
          • 1973
          • 1974
        • Inspirational >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • Lesser Known Family >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
          • Chapter Six
          • Chapter Seven
          • Chapter Eight
        • Magazines >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • Managers >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • Match 2 Remember >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
        • Memories >
          • Chapter One: Part One
          • Chapter One: Part Two
          • Chapter One: Part Three
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
        • Night 2 Remember >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
        • Red Letter Day >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • Stories that Must Be Told >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • Story Behind the Story >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • Tag Team Thumb-Sketch >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
          • Chapter Five
        • Unusual Wrestler >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
          • Chapter Three
          • Chapter Four
        • What A Card >
          • Chapter One
          • Chapter Two
        • Ancient History
        • Behind The Scenes
        • Famous Families and Groups
        • Hardcore Elite
        • I Did Not Know That
        • Memorabilia
        • Pro Wrestling in Chattanooga’s Memorial Auditorium 1950
        • Referees: Rick Hazzard
        • Territories
        • Tragedy
        • Wrestling In Print: Dickson Tennessee Tragedy Cripples Memphis Roster
    • Guest Writers >
      • Dangerous D >
        • Great Referees
      • David K >
        • Super WrestleMania
      • Kris L >
        • WWF World Martial-Arts Title
        • Men That Moved the Mountain
      • Mark D.R. >
        • Challengers
      • NJPW Gaijin E >
        • Big Turn of 1980
        • Japan: Rare Photos
        • Remembering the Spectrum
      • Roy L >
        • Gracie Vs. Takada
        • Lucier's Lucha Lunacy
      • Ruslan C.P. >
        • German Folk Styles of Wrestling
        • Dutch Folk Styles of Wrestling
        • French Folk Styles of Wrestling
        • English Catch-Hold Style of Wrestling
        • Lancashire Style of Wrestling
        • North American Side-Hold Style of Wrestling
        • The Evolution of the Catch-Hold on the Continent
      • Russell J >
        • Ode to the Manager
  • Bios
    • A >
      • Adrian Adonis
      • Al >
        • Baffert
        • Galento
        • Lovelock
      • Americus
      • Andre Christol
      • Angelo >
        • Poffo
        • Savoldi
      • Apollon
      • Archie Gouldie
    • B >
      • Babs Wingo
      • Bam Bam Bigelow
      • Ben Lion Heart
      • Bert >
        • Assirati
        • Rubi
      • Big >
        • Boss Man
        • Bully Busick
      • Billy >
        • Graham; "Superstar"
        • Robinson
      • Black Butcher Johnson
      • Blackjack Mulligan
      • Blondy Chrane
      • Bobby >
        • Bruns
        • Christy
        • Davis
        • Duncum Sr.
      • Bronko Nagurski
      • Bruiser Brody
      • Bruno Sammartino
      • Buddy >
        • Austin
        • Jackson
      • Bugsy McGraw
      • Bull Montana
      • Bulldog Brower
      • Buzz Sawyer
    • C >
      • Carl Abs
      • Chambers Zipps
      • Charles >
        • Lange
        • Moth
      • Chick Donovan
      • Chief >
        • Big Heart
        • Chewacki
      • Clarence >
        • Bouldin
        • Whistler
      • Cliff Maupin
      • Col. J.H. McLaughlin
      • Con Balasis
      • Constantine Romanoff
      • Crusher Verdu
      • Cy Williams
    • D >
      • Dan >
        • McLeod
        • Spivey
      • Danno O'Mahoney
      • Dave Bond
      • Don >
        • Campbell
        • Carson
        • Sugai
      • Donald Dinnie
      • Doug Embry
      • Douglas Clark
      • Dr >
        • Benjamin F. Roller
        • "Doc" White
        • Orville Lee Grable
      • Duncan >
        • A. McMillan
        • C. Ross
      • Dynamite Kid
    • E >
      • Earl Caddock
      • Ed >
        • Don George
        • Lewis
      • Eddie Guerrero
      • Edwin Bibby
      • Elvira Snodgrass
      • Emir Badui
      • Eric Pederson
      • Ernest Roeber
      • Ethel Johnson
      • Eugen Sandow
      • Evan Lewis
    • F >
      • "Farmer" Burns
      • Frank >
        • Crozier
        • Gotch
        • Judson
      • Fred Beell
      • Fritz Hanson
    • G >
      • Gene LeBell
      • George >
        • Bothner
        • Kennedy
        • Kotsonaros
        • Macricostas
        • William Flagg
        • Hackenschmidt
      • Gerry Morrow
      • Gorgeous George
      • Gottfried Grüneisen
    • H >
      • Harold Sakata
      • Harry Hill
      • Helmer C. Myre
      • Henry >
        • Irslinger
        • Moses Dufur
        • Seishiro Okazaki
      • Hercules Hernandez
      • Homer Lane
      • Honey Boy Zimba
      • Hugh Leonard
    • I >
      • Ike Eakins
      • Infernos, The
      • Iron Sheik, The
    • J >
      • Jack >
        • Carkeek
        • Claybourne
        • Johnson
        • Reynolds
        • Sherry
        • Washburn
        • Winrow
      • James >
        • Faulkner
        • McMahon
        • McWeeney
        • Owens
      • Jasmin St. Claire
      • Jim >
        • Londos
        • McMillen
      • Jock Ruddock
      • Joe >
        • Acton
        • "Barbados" Walcott
        • Carroll Marsh
        • Stecher
      • John McMahon
      • Johnny Kincaid
      • Josef Steinbach
    • K >
      • “Kahuku” Rodrigues
      • Kathleen Wimbley
      • Karl Veimann
      • Ken Lucas
      • Kerry Brown
      • Kevin Sullivan
      • Koji Kitao
    • L >
      • Larry Zbyszko
    • P >
      • Paul Pons
      • Perro Aguayo
      • Pinkie George
      • Pirata Morgan
      • Professor >
        • Thiebaud Bauer
        • William Miller
    • R >
      • Rafvela
      • Randy Savage
      • Ray >
        • Apollon
        • Candy
      • Regis Siki
      • Ric Flair
      • Rick Hazzard
      • Rick Rude
      • Rip Oliver
      • Robin Reed
      • Roger Kirby
      • Rudolf Grüneisen
    • S >
      • Santo
      • Seelie Samara
      • Sgt. Slaughter
      • Sorakichi Matsuda
      • Shokichi Hamada
      • Sid
      • Stanislaus Zbyszko
      • Steve >
        • Gatorwolf
        • Strong
      • Stu Gibson
      • Super Muneco
    • T >
      • Taro Miyake
      • Tatsumi Fujinami
      • Terrible Turk >
        • Ali Baba
        • Ali Nurullah Hasan
        • Yousouf Ishmaelo
      • Terry Gordy
      • Thor Hagen
    • W >
      • Walter Palmer
      • William Muldoon
  • Interviews
    • Authors >
      • John Cosper
      • Mark Hewitt
      • Nathan Hatton
      • Tim Hornbaker
    • Fans >
      • Dan Thomas
      • Geoff Brown
      • NJPW Gaijin Eric
      • Peggy Latham: Part One
      • Peggy Latham: Part Two
    • PWHS Team >
      • Bubba
      • Harry
      • Hayden
      • Jay
      • Jimmy
      • John
      • Julie
      • Mark
      • Terry
    • Referees >
      • Kris Levin
    • Wrestlers >
      • Bobby Bass
      • Tim Parks
      • Tom >
        • Connors: Part One
        • Connors: Part Two
        • Connors: Part Three
        • Connors: Part Four
        • Connors: Part Five
        • Connors: Part Six
        • Connors: Part Seven
        • Connors: Part Eight
        • Connors: Part Nine
        • Connors: Part Ten
        • Connors: Part Eleven
        • Connors: Part Twelve
        • Connors: Part Thirteen
        • Connors: Part Fourteen
        • Connors: Part Fifteen
        • Nash
      • Tony Nardo
  • Reviews
    • Promotions >
      • Gulf Coast Championship Wrestling >
        • GCCW 1950 >
          • GCCW Jan 1950
          • GCCW Feb 1950
          • GCCW Mar 1950
          • GCCW Apr 1950
          • GCCW May 1950
          • GCCW Jun 1950
          • GCCW Jul 1950
          • GCCW Aug 1950
          • GCCW Sep 1950
          • GCCW Oct 1950
          • GCCW Nov 1950
          • GCCW Dec 1950
        • GCCW 1951 >
          • GCCW Jan 1951
          • GCCW Feb 1951
          • GCCW Mar 1951
          • GCCW Apr 1951
          • GCCW May 1951
          • GCCW Jun 1951
          • GCCW Jul 1951
          • GCCW Aug 1951
          • GCCW Sep 1951
          • GCCW Oct 1951
          • GCCW Nov 1951
          • GCCW Dec 1951
        • GCCW 1952 >
          • GCCW Jan 1952
          • GCCW Feb 1952
          • GCCW Mar 1952
          • GCCW Apr 1952
          • GCCW May 1952
          • GCCW Jun 1952
          • GCCW Jul 1952
          • GCCW Aug 1952
          • GCCW Sep 1952
          • GCCW Oct 1952
          • GCCW Nov 1952
          • GCCW Dec 1952
  • Books
    • A >
      • Aaron D. Horton's Identity in Pro-Wrestling
      • Al Marquette
      • Assassin
    • C >
      • Chad Dell's The Revenge Of Hatpin Mary
      • Charles Fischer
      • Chris Jericho (A Lion's Tale)
    • D >
      • David Schultz
      • Diana Hart
      • Don Fargo
      • Dynamite Kid
    • E >
      • Ed Lewis
      • Edge
    • F >
      • Floyd Conner's Wrestling's Most Wanted
      • Frank Gotch (Life & Legacy)
      • Frank Gotch (Wrestling)
      • Freddie Blassie
    • G >
      • Gene Kiniski
      • Gorgeous George
      • Greg Lambert's Holy Grail
    • J >
      • Jack Brisco's BRISCO
      • Jake Shannon's Say Uncle!
      • Jasmin St. Claire's What The Hell Was I Thinking?!!
      • Jim Freedman's Drawing Heat
      • John Cosper's Bluegrass Brawlers
      • John Cosper's Louisville's Greatest Show
      • Jon Chattman's A Battle Royal in the Sky
      • Jonathan Snowden's Shooters
      • Junkyard Dog
    • S >
      • Scott Beekman's Ringside
      • Shawn Michaels (Heartbreak & Triumph)
      • Shawn Michaels (Wrestling For My Life)
      • Simon Garfield's The Wrestling
      • Sir Thomas Parkyns' Progymnasmata
      • Stan Hansen
      • Sting (Moment of Truth)
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Turn Off the Lights and Watch the Match

#PWHS #Article #TurnOffTheLights #WatchTheMatch

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​​One of the aspects of wrestling from my days growing up that I miss tremendously is the nature and role of being a fan. If you tune in to a wrestling show today-be it WWE RAW or TNA IMPACT, you will notice that the fans are considered a part of the show. They all have signs to flash towards the cameras; they all try to mug for the camera whenever the shot of the ring action contains them; they start chants-often that have little-to-nothing to do with the match in progress. Perhaps most disconcerting is the fact that much of the time, the fans' attention is directed to the large screen that simulcasts the broadcast. The fans gaze at the screen waiting to see…themselves.

I miss the days when fans were fans of the wrestling rather than fans of the show. If I could do one thing in terms of the wrestling product that is presented today, I would take a page from wrestling past. I would turn out the lights. Back in the day, after introductions were completed, the entire arena would be in the dark-except for a large light, or perhaps set of lights that stayed alit, hanging over the ring. This focused all the attention of what was happening in the ring-the match. If people had held up signs for attention, they would have received nothing but a complaint to put down their darn sign so the people behind them could watch the match. That focus is missing today-the concept that the match in progress is what matters and not "being part of the show".

I trace this habit to ECW. ECW was one of the first companies to actively encourage fan participation during the matches. People would bring all manner of household items to the ECW arena in the hopes that one of the wrestlers would use their frying pan, or soiled diaper as a weapon during the match. ECW fans also started the "smartmark chants" that are so prevalent and so annoying in wrestling shows currently. Ultimately, the fans became mini-celebrities. The "Hawaiian Shirt Guy"; the "Hat Guy", and ultimately the "Sign Guy" who wound up being part of the Dudley entourage. At the time it was novel, it was fresh and ultimately-it hurt the business more than Vince McMahon ever did. It drew attention away from the action in the ring and made everyone part of the show. In the end, all of the "smart" fans in ECW wound up looking like the biggest marks in the world, because they forgot why a fan exists, and thought that THEY were the show.

Traditionally fans were always part of the show-just not in such an obtrusive manner. Fans played the most important role in wrestling. They were more important than the promoter, the booker or the guys working the main event. The fans were the most important part of a wrestling card for two, simple reasons.

The first reason was financial. Without fans paying money to come see the wrestlers, the wrestlers would not have been paid. That is the obvious reason. The second-but no less important-reason is that the fans were the barometer of a promotion's success or lack thereof. By keeping the fans focused on the matches and listening to their reactions and responses, the promoter as well as the wrestler could gauge how successful they were at any given point in a match or in an angle. If the fans cheered and booed as hoped (at the proper time), the promoter knew that he was on the right track. If not, changes had to be made-and quickly. 

"Playboy" Gary Hart explained during a shoot interview on the role of the manager in wrestling that the worst sound you could hear during a match was the "chink-chink" noise that the ropes made when being hit by a wrestler. Why? Because if you could hear that noise, that meant that the crowd was silent. No cheers, no boos-they were disinterested. Silence during a match was a death knell. It was a signal to the heel to start amping up the heat-or else he might face a termination in employment when the match concluded.

The fans were vital to the success or failure of a wrestler and that wrestler's promotion. Fans gave an honest reaction to what they watched in the ring. If a high spot was done at the proper time in the match, the fans would cheer wildly, or "pop". If it were done at the wrong point during the match, their reaction would be far more subdued. The fans were the trainers of inexperienced performers. Listening to the fans gave a wrestler immediate feedback as to whether what he was doing was working or if he still needed to work on what he was doing. By obtaining honest reactions from the fans; by keeping their interest in the match sustained; by being aware that they were the show-the wrestlers could keep their livelihood intact. The wrestling fan was the cornerstone of the business.

Now? Now fans are programmed to cheer or boo. Now, matches are so rehearsed that gaining a real reaction from the fans is nearly impossible. Now the fans would rather wave their signs and chant their chants while being oblivious to the reason that they attended the show in the first place-the wrestling itself. How many times do you see fans chant "One! Two! ..Awwww!" during a pinfall attempt? They are completely aware that there will be no third count, and have taken it upon themselves to give a mocking response to something that is supposed to be a dramatic moment. It is sad, and most fans today have no idea of how much they miss by not playing the role that they should play.

Is there a solution? Yes-but it is not a simple solution, nor is it guaranteed to be successful. The solution is to return to certain aspects of what is colloquially referred to as "the old school". Number one-kill the lights when the matches start. Force attention on the ring. Number two: Stop encouraging the crowd to be an active part of the match. No camera shots of the crowd; request that signs be put on the floor at the start of the match (so that all can see), etc. Give the fans no reason or opportunity to see themselves rather than the wrestlers. Number three: (This is the hard one) Retrain the wrestlers to wrestle for reactions, not pre-programmed responses. Cut down in-ring interviews to nearly zero-leave the interviews for vignettes from the locker room. Let the ring become seen as the place where the fighting takes places and nothing more. Put the focus back where it always should have been-on the matches in the ring.

It's long past due. It's time for fans to be fans and not to be the show.

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Unique content strictly for the Professional Wrestling Historical Society.

Turn Off the Lights and Watch the Match.
Author: Harry Grover.
Published: Pre-October 2014.
Article: #2.
Editor: Jimmy Wheeler.
Other articles by Harry can be Read Here.

All website content has been created specifically for the Professional Wrestling Historical Society.

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